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Why Some People Are Hesitant to Receive COVID-19 Boosters: A Systematic Review.

Yam B Limbu1, Bruce A Huhmann2

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Booster vaccine hesitancy is a significant barrier to public health. Understanding factors like demographics, perceived benefits, and distrust is crucial for effective vaccine communication strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic's transition to an endemic phase necessitates ongoing vaccination efforts, including booster doses.
  • Booster vaccine uptake faces challenges in public acceptance, impacting personal and community health outcomes.
  • Systematic analysis of existing research is required to identify barriers to COVID-19 booster vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze research identifying predictors of COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy.
  • To synthesize global data on the prevalence of COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy.
  • To identify key factors influencing decisions regarding COVID-19 booster vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major scientific databases: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus.
  • Eligible studies examining COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy were systematically selected and analyzed.
  • Data extraction focused on identifying demographic, psychological, and informational factors associated with hesitancy.

Main Results:

  • The global average COVID-19 booster vaccination hesitancy rate was found to be 30.72%.
  • Thirteen key factors influencing booster hesitancy were identified, encompassing demographics, geographical influences, perceived risks and benefits, prior infection history, and vaccine-related knowledge.
  • Skepticism, distrust, conspiracy theories, and vaccine type also emerged as significant predictors of hesitancy.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing COVID-19 booster vaccine hesitancy requires targeted communication strategies.
  • Interventions should focus on enhancing vaccine confidence, overcoming complacency, and improving convenience.
  • Understanding the multifaceted predictors is essential for developing effective public health campaigns for booster uptake.