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Inflammation: the driver of poor outcomes among children with severe acute malnutrition?

Jonathan P Sturgeon1,2, James M Njunge3,4, Claire D Bourke1,2

  • 1Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Nutrition Reviews
|March 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a deadly childhood condition linked to inflammation. Understanding inflammation

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Immunology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) causes 10% of deaths in children under 5 in low-income countries.
  • SAM is a complex, multisystem disease with significant lean mass loss and organ dysfunction.
  • Pathogenic pathways of SAM, particularly concerning infections, are not fully understood.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on SAM pathophysiology.
  • It focuses on the role of inflammation in SAM's clinical presentation and outcomes.
  • Potential therapeutic targets are explored based on evidence from other inflammatory conditions.

Key Points:

  • Children with SAM exhibit heightened intestinal and systemic inflammation.
  • Chronic inflammation and immunomodulation contribute to increased infection-related morbidity and mortality.
  • Inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of SAM, impacting hospitalization and long-term health.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing inflammation's role is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for SAM.
  • Targeting inflammatory pathways may offer a transformational approach to SAM treatment.
  • Further research into anti-inflammatory interventions is warranted for SAM management.

Keywords:
SAMinflammationsevere acute malnutritionsevere malnutritionwasting

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