Pilot study of tocilizumab monotherapy for active chronic periaortitis

To investigate the effectiveness and safety of TCZ (tocilizumab) monotherapy for chronic periaortitis (CP) patients at acute active stage.

Twelve patients with definite or possible diagnosis of CP were enrolled and received intravenous infusions of TCZ (8 mg/kg) every 4 weeks for at least 3 months. Clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings were recorded at baseline and during the follow-up. The primary endpoint was the rate of partial and complete remission after 3 months TCZ monotherapy and the secondary endpoint was the frequency of treatment related adverse events.

Three patients (27.3%) achieved partial remission and seven patients (63.6%) obtained complete remission after 3 months TCZ treatment. The total remission rate achieved 90.9%. All patients reported improvement in clinical symptoms. Inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein decreased to normal levels after TCZ treatment. Nine patients (81.8%) showed remarkable shrinkage of perivascular mass greater than or equal to 50% on CT.

Our study showed that TCZ monotherapy contributed to remarkable clinical and laboratory improvement in CP patients and could be an alternative treatment option for CP.