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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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RNA Interference01:23

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
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Host-mediated RNA editing in viruses.

Tongtong Zhu1,2,3, Guangyi Niu1,2,3, Yuansheng Zhang1,2,3

  • 1National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Biology Direct
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host-mediated RNA editing influences virus replication and infectivity. This review synthesizes knowledge on ADARs and APOBECs in diverse viruses, offering insights into viral RNA editing mechanisms and effects.

Keywords:
AntiviralDeaminationProviralRNA editingVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Viruses depend on host cells for replication, causing significant global health threats.
  • RNA editing, a vital RNA modification process, impacts viral characteristics like replication, protein synthesis, infectivity, and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on host-mediated RNA editing across various viruses.
  • To explore the roles of ADARs (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA) and APOBECs (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like) in viral RNA editing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on RNA editing in viruses.
  • Focus on host-mediated editing mechanisms involving ADAR and APOBEC enzyme families.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous host-mediated RNA editing sites in diverse viral RNA sequences.
  • Detailed diverse editing mechanisms and their effects on virus-host interactions.
  • Highlighted the significant influence of RNA editing on viral infectivity and pathogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • Host-mediated RNA editing is a critical factor influencing viral life cycles and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these editing processes, particularly those involving ADARs and APOBECs, is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview, aiding future research on both known and emerging viruses.