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Group B Streptococcus Early-Onset Disease: New Preventive and Diagnostic Tools to Decrease the Burden of Antibiotic
Charlotte M Nusman1, Linde Snoek2, Lisanne M van Leeuwen3,4
1Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
Summary
Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) requires better diagnostics. This review explores novel maternal, umbilical cord, and newborn strategies to improve EONS prevention and timely detection, reducing antibiotic overuse.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) presents diagnostic challenges due to non-specific symptoms and limited tests.
- Timely EONS treatment is critical, but current empirical antibiotic use is high.
- Existing guidelines like the neonatal sepsis calculator reduce antibiotic burden but lack sensitivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review novel preventive and diagnostic strategies for EONS.
- To explore EONS management from maternal, umbilical cord, and newborn perspectives.
- To identify future research directions for improved EONS detection and reduced antibiotic exposure.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current and emerging EONS prevention and diagnostic methods.
- Analysis of strategies from maternal, umbilical cord, and newborn viewpoints.
- Discussion of novel biomarkers, microbiological techniques, and clinical monitoring.
Main Results:
- Maternal strategies include Group B Streptococcus (GBS) prevention, virulence factor exploration, immunization, and antepartum biomarkers.
- Umbilical cord diagnostics show preliminary promise.
- Newborn-focused approaches involve biomarkers, advanced microbiology, and clinical prediction models.
Conclusions:
- Novel strategies offer potential for improved EONS prevention and diagnosis.
- Consensus on EONS definition and standardized biomarker research are essential.
- Future implementation can reduce antibiotic overexposure in newborns.
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