Bioactive Compounds from the Mushroom-Forming Fungus Chlorophyllum molybdites

Area of Science:

• Natural Product Chemistry
• Mycology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Mushrooms are a rich source of bioactive compounds.
• Chlorophyllum molybdites is a mushroom-forming fungus with unexplored chemical potential.
• Investigating fungal metabolites can lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and characterize compounds from Chlorophyllum molybdites.
• To evaluate the biological activities of the isolated compounds, including antimicrobial, immune checkpoint inhibition, and plant growth regulation.

Main Methods:

• Isolation of compounds using chromatographic techniques.
• Structure elucidation of novel compounds via spectroscopic data interpretation (e.g., NMR, MS).
• Determination of absolute configuration using specific rotation comparison.
• Bioassays for antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic bacteria.
• In vitro assays for inhibition of Axl and immune checkpoints (PD-L1, PD-L2).
• Plant growth regulatory assays on lettuce.

Main Results:

• A novel compound (1) and two known compounds (2, 3) were isolated from the culture broth.
• Three known compounds (4-6) were isolated from the fruiting bodies.
• Compounds 2-4 were reported for the first time from a mushroom-forming fungus.
• Compound 2 exhibited significant inhibition against Axl and immune checkpoints (PD-L1, PD-L2).
• Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic bacteria Peptobacterium carotovorum and Clavibacter michiganensis.
• Compounds 1-4 demonstrated significant plant growth regulatory activity on lettuce.

Conclusions:

• Chlorophyllum molybdites is a source of diverse bioactive natural products.
• Compound 2 shows potential as an inhibitor of Axl and immune checkpoints.
• Isolated compounds possess antimicrobial properties against key plant pathogens.
• Compounds 1-4 exhibit plant growth regulatory effects, suggesting applications in agriculture.