Towards a Futureproof Zoo

Area of Science:

• Zoo Ethics
• Conservation Biology
• Animal Welfare Science

Background:

• Zoos face ethical challenges in balancing individual animal care with species conservation efforts.
• A 'bifocal' ethical framework is proposed to address these challenges for futureproof zoos.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and evaluate a bifocal ethical framework for zoos.
• To demonstrate how zoos can achieve a morally acceptable balance between animal welfare and species conservation.

Main Methods:

• Adopting a bifocal ethical perspective, viewing animals as individuals and species members.
• Analyzing zoo policies and practices related to animal welfare and conservation.
• Illustrating developments with case examples, such as ARTIS Zoo.

Main Results:

• Zoos have significantly improved animal welfare through enrichment programs and training.
• Conservation contributions have enhanced via innovative enclosure designs, cooperation, and broader conservation roles.
• Shifting focus from large mammals to smaller species addresses space limitations.

Conclusions:

• A bifocal ethical framework offers a promising approach for futureproof zoos.
• Zoos are increasingly capable of balancing individual welfare with species protection obligations.
• Enhanced conservation strategies and welfare practices are key to zoo sustainability.