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Intracycle Velocity Variation in Swimming: A Systematic Scoping Review
Aléxia Fernandes1, José Afonso1, Francisco Noronha1
1Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
Summary
This review maps research on intracycle velocity variation in swimming. Most studies focus on front crawl, with varied methods and results, highlighting a need for more research on other strokes and swimmer groups.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
- Swimming Performance
Background:
- Intracycle velocity variation (IVV) is crucial for understanding swimming propulsion and drag.
- Existing research on IVV is fragmented, necessitating a comprehensive overview.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and map existing evidence on intracycle velocity variation in competitive swimmers.
- To identify research gaps and trends in IVV studies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic scoping review of multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and conference proceedings.
- Inclusion of studies on IVV in competitive swimmers across all techniques, distances, and paces.
- Risk of bias assessment using RoBANS and evidence gap mapping.
Main Results:
- 76 studies involving 1440 swimmers were included; only 29.4% had a low risk of bias.
- Front crawl was the most investigated technique, with diverse IVV quantification methods yielding divergent results.
- IVV was linked to coordination, energy cost, fatigue, technique, velocity, and force.
Conclusions:
- Significant heterogeneity exists in IVV research, particularly in measurement and findings.
- Future research should address understudied strokes (backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly), high intensities, and diverse swimmer populations.
- Standardized IVV quantification is needed for clearer insights into swimming performance.
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