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Related Experiment Video

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Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
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Numerical Cognition after Brain Injury: Is There a Relationship between Subitizing and Arithmetical Abilities?

Esther Gosling1, Nele Demeyere2, Ann Dowker2

  • 1St. Hilda's College, Oxford University, Oxford OX4 1DY, UK.

Brain Sciences
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Subitizing, the rapid enumeration of small quantities, may not be essential for all arithmetic skills. Acquired brain injury patients with subitizing deficits showed varied calculation abilities, suggesting arithmetic is componential.

Keywords:
arithmeticdyscalculianumerical cognitionpost-stroke patientssubitizing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Subitizing is the automatic enumeration of small quantities, contrasted with counting for larger numbers.
  • Developmental studies suggest subitizing ability may predict later mathematical skills.
  • This raises the question of whether impaired subitizing after brain injury impacts arithmetic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between subitizing ability and calculation performance (addition, multiplication) in individuals with acquired brain injury.
  • To explore if subitizing is a necessary prerequisite for arithmetic skills.

Main Methods:

  • Tested 11 healthy controls and 9 patients with acquired brain injury.
  • Administered tasks assessing visual enumeration (subitizing), addition, and multiplication.
  • Analyzed correlations between subitizing performance and calculation speed.

Main Results:

  • No significant overall correlations were found between subitizing ability and addition or multiplication speed.
  • Two patients exhibited clear subitizing impairments but displayed distinct levels of preserved addition skills.
  • Significant inter-individual variability in performance was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support a view where arithmetic ability entirely depends on subitizing.
  • The observed dissociations suggest that arithmetic ability is componential, comprising distinct underlying skills.
  • Individual differences in cognitive reserve and compensatory strategies may influence outcomes after brain injury.