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Closed-Loop tACS Delivered during Slow-Wave Sleep Reduces Retroactive Interference on a Paired-Associates Learning

Aaron P Jones1,2, Natalie B Bryant1,2, Bradley M Robert1,2

  • 1Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.

Brain Sciences
|March 29, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation (CL-tACS) during sleep improved memory recall by reducing interference. This memory enhancement was particularly effective for individuals with lower initial memory encoding abilities.

Keywords:
closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation (CL-tACS)cognitive enhancementlearning and memoryretroactive memory interferencesleep-dependent memory consolidationslow-wave sleep

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Previous research indicates closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation (CL-tACS) benefits memory consolidation during sleep.
  • The current study investigates CL-tACS in a more challenging retroactive interference paired associates task (ri-PAT) paradigm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of CL-tACS, synchronized with slow-wave oscillations (SWO) during sleep, on memory performance within a retroactive interference paradigm.
  • To determine if CL-tACS effects differ based on individual encoding strengths.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-one participants completed a paired associates task (PAT) before sleep.
  • CL-tACS was applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or mastoids during SWO.
  • Memory recall was assessed the following morning after learning a new list to introduce retroactive interference.

Main Results:

  • A significant effect of stimulation condition was observed, with verum CL-tACS reducing retroactive interference compared to sham stimulation (p=0.04297).
  • A significant interaction between encoding strength and stimulation condition was found (p=0.03591).
  • CL-tACS significantly benefited low-encoders (p=0.0066) but not high-encoders.

Conclusions:

  • CL-tACS applied during sleep enhances protection against retroactive memory interference.
  • The memory benefits of CL-tACS are most pronounced in individuals with lower encoding aptitude.