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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes
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Somatic Cell Reprogramming for Nervous System Diseases: Techniques, Mechanisms, Potential Applications, and

Jiafeng Chen1, Lijuan Huang1, Yue Yang1

  • 1Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.

Brain Sciences
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Somatic cell reprogramming offers a novel method to generate neurons for neurological disease research and therapy. This review details techniques, mechanisms, and challenges in creating diverse neural cell types from reprogrammed cells.

Keywords:
mechanismsmicroRNAmoleculesnervous system diseasesneuronsneurosciencereprogrammingsomatic celltherapeutictranscription factors

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Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts
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Simple Generation of a High Yield Culture of Induced Neurons from Human Adult Skin Fibroblasts
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Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

In vitro Modeling for Neurological Diseases using Direct Conversion from Fibroblasts to Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Differentiation into Astrocytes
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Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts
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Simple Generation of a High Yield Culture of Induced Neurons from Human Adult Skin Fibroblasts
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Nervous system diseases pose research challenges due to limited access to neural tissues.
  • Somatic cell reprogramming presents a promising alternative for obtaining neurons for study.
  • Ethical and practical constraints hinder traditional neuroscience research methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of somatic cell reprogramming for neurological research and therapy.
  • To focus on neural reprogramming strategies and the generation of diverse neural cell types.
  • To examine the mechanisms, challenges, and potential applications of cellular reprogramming in neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on somatic cell reprogramming techniques.
  • Analysis of methods including transcription factors, small molecules, and microRNAs.
  • Focus on generating various types of neurons from reprogrammed somatic cells.

Main Results:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming can generate different types of neurons.
  • Various techniques, including transcription factors, small molecules, and microRNAs, are effective.
  • Understanding reprogramming mechanisms is crucial for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming holds significant potential for advancing neurological disease research and developing therapies.
  • Careful consideration of limitations and risks associated with reprogramming is essential.
  • This review consolidates knowledge on neural reprogramming techniques and their applications.