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Published on: February 10, 2014
Odorant Binding Causes Cytoskeletal Rearrangement, Leading to Detectable Changes in Endothelial and Epithelial
Theresa M Curtis1, Annabella M Nilon1, Anthony J Greenberg2
1Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA.
Non-neuronal cells expressing olfactory receptors (ORs) can detect odorants. Odorant binding triggers cellular changes, including cytoskeletal reorganization and decreased electrical resistance, offering a new biosensing approach.
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Biochemistry
- Biosensing
Background:
- Non-neuronal cells express functional olfactory receptors (ORs), offering biosensor potential.
- Olfactory receptors (ORs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) linked to cellular morphology changes, a connection unexplored in odorant sensing.
- Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) detects cellular changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if odorant binding to ORs in non-olfactory cells induces detectable cytoskeletal and cellular changes.
- To explore the potential of ECIS as a label-free method for detecting odorant binding via cellular responses.
Main Methods:
- Utilized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) expressing OR10J5 and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells expressing OR2AT4.
- Applied specific odorants (lyral and Sandalore) to induce OR activation.
- Monitored changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, cytoskeletal organization, cell-cell junction integrity, cellular electrical resistance, and cell micromotion using ECIS.
Main Results:
- Odorant binding led to increased cAMP levels and altered cytoskeletal organization in both cell types.
- A decrease in cell-cell junction integrity and cellular electrical resistance was observed upon odorant exposure.
- Odorant stimulation significantly reduced the random cellular movement (micromotion) of endothelial and epithelial cell monolayers.
Conclusions:
- Olfactory receptor signaling plays a novel physiological role in endothelial and epithelial cell barriers.
- Odorant-induced cellular responses, including changes in electrical resistance and micromotion, provide a new label-free method for detecting odorant binding.
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