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COVID-19 Associated Vasculitis Confirmed by the Tissues RT-PCR: A Case Series Report

Konstantin E Belozerov1, Ilia S Avrusin1, Lyubov I Andaryanova1

  • 1Hospital Pediatry, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Biomedicines
|March 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 in children can cause serious vasculitis affecting multiple organs, including skin and the central nervous system. Early diagnosis and treatment with steroids and immunomodulators are crucial for managing this life-threatening condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Limited data exists on COVID-19-associated vasculopathy in children.
  • Skin and central nervous system involvement has been reported.
  • This study describes cases of pediatric vasculitis linked to COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize COVID-19-associated vasculitis in pediatric patients.
  • To describe the clinical presentation, affected systems, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective-prospective case series.
  • Inclusion of four pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19-associated vasculitis.
  • Morphological description and etiological confirmation via RT-PCR on tissue biopsy.

Main Results:

  • Skin (100%), respiratory (75%), and cardiovascular (50%) systems were most frequently involved.
  • All patients exhibited elevated inflammatory markers and D-dimer.
  • Diagnoses included polyarteritis nodosa (50%), Henoch-Schonlein purpura (25%), and unclassified vasculitis (25%).
  • Treatment involved systemic glucocorticosteroids, DMARDs, and in some cases, IVIG or biologics (etanercept, tocilizumab, adalimumab).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19-associated vasculitis can be life-threatening in children.
  • SARS-CoV-2 may act as a trigger for vasculitis and immune-mediated diseases.
  • Further research and case collection are necessary to understand this condition.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Henoch–Schonlein purpuraIg A vasculopathySARS-CoV-2childhood vasculitismesenteric thrombosispolyarteritis nodosareal-time PCRvasculopathy

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