Insight on Infections in Diabetic Setting
Bianca Pari1, Matteo Gallucci1, Alberto Ghigo1
1Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Abstract:
The correlation between diabetes mellitus and infectious diseases is widely recognized. DM patients are characterized by the impaired function of the immune system. This translates into the occurrence of a variety of infections, including urinary tract, skin and surgical site infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2. Hyperglycemia has been identified as a relevant factor contributing to unfavorable outcomes in hospitalized patients including SARS-CoV-2 patients. Several studies have been performed proving that to maintain the proper and stringent monitoring of glycemia, a balanced diet and physical activity is mandatory to reduce the risk of infections and their associated complications. This review is focused on the mechanisms accounting for the increased susceptibility of DM patients to infections, with particular attention to the impact of newly introduced hypoglycemic drugs in sepsis management.
Insights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients have weakened immune systems, increasing infection risk. Managing blood sugar through diet and exercise is crucial for reducing complications, especially with new drugs aiding sepsis management.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to increased susceptibility to various infections.
- Impaired immune function in DM patients contributes to higher infection rates.
- Hyperglycemia is a key factor in poor outcomes for hospitalized patients, including those with SARS-CoV-2.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review mechanisms behind increased infection risk in DM patients.
- To examine the role of hyperglycemia in infection susceptibility.
- To explore the impact of novel hypoglycemic drugs on sepsis management in DM.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on diabetes, immunity, and infections.
- Analysis of the impact of hyperglycemia on patient outcomes.
- Evaluation of current and emerging treatments for DM-related infections and sepsis.
Main Results:
- DM patients face higher risks for infections like UTIs, skin infections, pneumonia, and SARS-CoV-2.
- Strict glycemic control via diet and physical activity is essential for infection prevention.
- New hypoglycemic agents show potential in managing sepsis in diabetic patients.
Conclusions:
- Understanding DM's impact on immunity is vital for infection control.
- Effective glycemic management is paramount for reducing infection-related morbidity and mortality.
- Further research into hypoglycemic drugs is needed for optimal sepsis care in DM.
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