Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

387
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
387
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

47.1K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
47.1K
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

442
Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype...
442
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

103.5K
Overview
103.5K
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

66.1K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
66.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Navigating the complex regulatory landscape of some fluoride caries therapies in the United States: The burden to clinicians.

Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)·2026
Same author

ChatGPT: A disruptive innovation or disrupting innovation in academia?

Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)·2023
Same author

Rare diseases of ectoderm: Translating discovery to therapy.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A·2022
Same author

Biomimetic polydopamine-laced hydroxyapatite collagen material orients osteoclast behavior to an anti-resorptive pattern without compromising osteoclasts' coupling to osteoblasts.

Biomaterials science·2021
Same author

Translational Attenuation by an Intron Retention in the 5' UTR of <i>ENAM</i> Causes Amelogenesis Imperfecta.

Biomedicines·2021
Same author

ENAM mutations and digenic inheritance.

Molecular genetics & genomic medicine·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

10.2K

Enamel Phenotypes: Genetic and Environmental Determinants.

John Timothy Wright1

  • 1Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Genes
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Dental enamel formation, or amelogenesis, is complex and affected by genetics and environment. Understanding heritable enamel defects aids in diagnosing and treating various dental conditions.

Keywords:
developmentenamelenvironmentepigeneticgenepathologyphenotype

More Related Videos

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
08:26

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

15.1K
Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
07:34

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

10.2K
Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
08:26

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface

Published on: July 10, 2014

15.1K
Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients
07:34

Probing the Limits of Egg Recognition Using Egg Rejection Experiments Along Phenotypic Gradients

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Dental enamel is a unique, resilient human tissue protecting the tooth crown.
  • Amelogenesis, the enamel formation process, involves ameloblasts secreting an extracellular matrix.
  • Enamel defects arise from over 115 genetic conditions and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the factors influencing enamel formation and associated phenotypes.
  • To highlight the role of genetics, epigenetics, and environment in enamel development.
  • To underscore the importance of understanding enamel defects for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on amelogenesis and genetic enamel defects.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to enamel phenotypes.
  • Synthesis of knowledge for classification and nosology development.

Main Results:

  • Amelogenesis is sensitive to genetic and environmental perturbations.
  • Over 115 genetic conditions impact enamel amount and/or mineralization.
  • Clinical enamel phenotypes provide diagnostic and prognostic information.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding enamel defects is crucial for diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment.
  • Current knowledge supports developing a new classification system for heritable enamel defects.
  • A consensus nosology will improve communication regarding inheritance, molecular defects, and phenotypes.