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Cleavage and Blastulation

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Published on: January 26, 2013

Detecting Embryo Developmental Potential by Single Blastomere RNA-Seq.

Monika Nõmm¹, Marilin Ivask^1,2, Pille Pärn^1,3

¹Chair of Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.

|March 29, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Single cell biopsy and gene expression analysis in bovine embryos can identify key differences. This technique aids in early preimplantation embryo selection for improved reproductive outcomes.

Keywords:

embryo developmental potential preimplantation embryo diagnostics preimplantation embryo selection single blastomere biopsy single cell embryo biopsy

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Genomics
Embryology

Background:

Preimplantation embryo diagnostics are advancing with single cell biopsy and molecular selection.
These techniques aim for effective embryo selection without compromising production.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a single cell embryo biopsy and gene expression analysis method for bovine embryos.
To identify gene expression differences between blastocyst-developing embryos and arrested morulae.

Main Methods:

Single cell biopsy of bovine morulae.
Low-input volume gene expression analysis.
Differential gene expression and pathway enrichment analysis.

Main Results:

49.2% of biopsied morulae developed into blastocysts.
1204 genes showed differential mRNA expression; 155 were specific to blastocyst development.
Key pathways identified include organelle biogenesis, mRNA splicing, and mitochondrial translation.

Conclusions:

Significant gene expression differences exist between embryos capable of reaching the blastocyst stage and those that arrest development.
Single blastomere biopsy and gene expression profiling at the morula stage show potential for early preimplantation embryo selection.