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Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure

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Nanoplastics Toxicity Specific to Liver in Inducing Metabolic Dysfunction-A Comprehensive Review.

Shoumi Haldar¹, Nounenuo Yhome¹, Yuvashree Muralidaran¹

¹Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.

|March 29, 2023

Summary

Nanoplastics, tiny plastic particles, pose unknown health risks and can damage organs, particularly the liver. This review explores their harmful effects and mechanisms on liver function.

Keywords:

gut-liver axis hepatic glucose metabolism lipid peroxidation metabolic dysfunction nanoplastics

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Toxicology
Cell Biology

Background:

Plastic pollution is a growing global issue, with increasing environmental nanoplastic (<100 nm) contamination.
Health consequences of nanoplastics are largely unknown, despite their prevalence.
Microplastics can disintegrate into nanoplastics, suggesting macroplastic exposure leads to indirect nanoplastic disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the existence and impact of nanoplastics in various vertebrate and invertebrate tissues.
To review and summarize current research on the deleterious effects of nanoplastics on pathophysiological functions.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which nanoplastics affect the hepatic system.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of published research.
Investigation of nanoplastic presence and effects in diverse organisms.
Utilizing histopathological techniques to assess physiological reactions and inflammation.

Main Results:

Nanoplastics enter organisms via respiratory, gastro-intestinal, or epidermal routes, accumulating in the liver.
Nanoplastics can cause direct damage at exposure sites and indirect damage to organs via liver dysfunction.
Nanoplastics disrupt the gut-liver axis and gut microflora, leading to multi-organ dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Nanoplastics exert deleterious effects on the hepatic system.
Liver damage caused by nanoplastics can lead to multi-organ dysfunction.
Further research is needed to fully understand the health impacts of nanoplastic exposure.