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Entanglement Swapping and Swapped Entanglement.

Sultan M Zangi1, Chitra Shukla2, Atta Ur Rahman3

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Quantum Information, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Entanglement swapping performance depends on initial state purity and measurement basis. Maximally entangled initial states and Bell basis measurements yield predictable swapped entanglement, while non-maximally entangled bases degrade it.

Keywords:
concurrenceentanglementnegativityswapping

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Communication
  • Quantum Entanglement

Background:

  • Entanglement swapping is crucial for distributing entanglement across quantum networks and devices.
  • Understanding its performance in both ideal (pure) and realistic (noisy) quantum systems is essential.
  • Various entanglement quantifiers, like concurrence and negativity, are used to measure quantum correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate entanglement swapping in pure and noisy quantum systems.
  • To explore the relationship between initial and final state entanglement using concurrence and negativity.
  • To assess the suitability of the output state for quantum teleportation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of entanglement swapping for different initial quantum states (pure and mixed).
  • Calculation and comparison of entanglement measures (concurrence and negativity) before and after swapping.
  • Investigation of measurement basis effects (Bell basis vs. non-maximally entangled bases).

Main Results:

  • For maximally entangled initial states and Bell basis measurements, average final entanglement (concurrence/negativity) is the product of initial concurrences/negativities.
  • Measurements in non-maximally entangled bases degrade the average swapped entanglement.
  • The product of initial mixed state entanglements provides an upper bound for the average swapped entanglement.

Conclusions:

  • Negativity is suitable for weakly entangled noisy states, while concurrence is better for strongly entangled regimes.
  • Entanglement swapping efficiency is highly dependent on the choice of measurement basis.
  • The output entangled state can successfully serve as a channel for quantum teleportation.