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More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes.

Peter Salamon1, Bjarne Andresen2, James Nulton1

  • 1Department of Mathematics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 29, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increasing the number of steps in irreversible processes reduces energy dissipation. This "more-steps-the-better" rule, supported by the ladder theorem, enhances efficiency in various applications and biological evolution.

Keywords:
minimizing dissipationrelaxationsequential processesstep processesthermodynamic length

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Irreversible processes inherently involve energy dissipation.
  • Optimizing efficiency in multi-step processes is crucial for various applications.
  • The relationship between process steps and dissipation is not always intuitive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of increasing the number of steps on dissipation in irreversible processes.
  • To explore the implications of the ladder theorem for process efficiency.
  • To highlight the role of thermodynamic length in understanding dissipation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis based on the ladder theorem.
  • Examination of process refinement by dividing relaxation steps.
  • Empirical evidence from insulation and separation applications.

Main Results:

  • Increasing the number of steps in an irreversible process demonstrably reduces dissipation.
  • The ladder theorem proves that dividing any relaxation step enhances overall efficiency.
  • This holds true even without reoptimizing the new sequence of steps.

Conclusions:

  • A
  • more-steps-the-better