Oral Cavity Clinical Evaluation in Psychiatric Patients with Eating Disorders: A Case-Control Study

Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are not the only disorders the symptoms of which may be present in the oral cavity. The assessment of the clinical condition of patients with eating disorder symptoms was aimed at in this study. The study group consisted of 60 patients with diagnoses from categories F4.xx, F5x.x, and F6x.x ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision). Patients were qualified for the study based on the answers provided in the symptom checklists "O". An adequate control group was selected. All patients underwent a dental examination, including the assessment of API (aproximal plaque index) and DMF (decayed missing filled index). Studies have shown that patients with eating disorder symptoms were more likely to have dental erosions (in total, 28.81% of cases). The correlation of erosion with the symptoms of eating disorders was demonstrated for several assessed symptoms present in the symptom checklists "O". Such correlations have not been demonstrated in terms of gingival recession presence. The level of oral hygiene in patients with eating disorders was assessed as sufficient or bad and indicates the need to initiate dental treatment in this group. It is important to correlate the treatment of the underlying mental disease with dental treatment and regular dental checkups.