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The Child as Vulnerable Victim: Humanitarianism Constructs Its Object.

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  • 1Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.

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Humanitarian aid has long viewed children as vulnerable, overlooking their agency. This study critically examines the persistent vulnerability paradigm in emergency contexts, revealing its historical and political roots.

Keywords:
agencychildrenhumanitarianismparticipatory programmingpsychosocial programmingtraumavulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Humanitarian Studies
  • Child Psychology
  • Development Studies

Background:

  • Humanitarian agencies have historically framed children primarily through a lens of vulnerability.
  • Despite advocacy for children's agency since the 1980s, the vulnerability paradigm continues to dominate humanitarian policy and practice.
  • This paradigm is particularly entrenched in emergency settings involving displacement and political violence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To deconstruct the conceptualization of children as primarily vulnerable victims in emergency contexts.
  • To analyze the historical and geopolitical factors underpinning the persistent vulnerability paradigm.
  • To critically examine the self-interest of elites and the survival strategies of humanitarian agencies in perpetuating this view.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of conventional humanitarian thinking on vulnerability.
  • Historical and geopolitical contextualization of the vulnerability paradigm.
  • Case studies: Mau Mau rebellion in 1950s Kenya and humanitarian response to Palestinian children under Israeli occupation.

Main Results:

  • The dominance of the vulnerability paradigm is linked to elite self-interest and humanitarian agency survival strategies.
  • Mental health discourse and programming are utilized in the 'politics of pathologisation' of children.
  • The article challenges the naturalization of children's vulnerability in humanitarian responses.

Conclusions:

  • The vulnerability paradigm in humanitarianism is a constructed concept, not an inherent state of children in emergencies.
  • Understanding the political and economic drivers is crucial for shifting focus towards children's agency and participation.
  • Critical examination of mental health interventions is necessary to avoid pathologizing children in crisis.