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New Insight in Cardiorenal Syndrome: From Biomarkers to Therapy
Giovanna Gallo1, Oreste Lanza1, Carmine Savoia1
1Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy.
Insights
Cardiorenal syndrome involves heart and kidney dysfunction, increasing mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors show promise for managing this condition by improving cardiac and renal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is characterized by the interplay between heart and kidney dysfunction, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
- Early diagnosis and effective management strategies for CRS are crucial due to its complex pathophysiology and poor prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of cardiorenal syndrome pathophysiology in adults.
- To explore the role of biomarkers in diagnosing and predicting outcomes in CRS.
- To discuss the potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for CRS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on cardiorenal syndrome.
- Analysis of studies investigating biomarkers for cardiac and kidney dysfunction.
- Evaluation of clinical trial data on SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure and potential CRS applications.
Main Results:
- CRS involves complex feedback mechanisms damaging both heart and kidneys.
- Biomarkers are essential for early diagnosis, prognosis, and guiding therapy in CRS.
- SGLT2 inhibitors, effective in heart failure, demonstrate potential in improving cardiac and renal outcomes in CRS.
Conclusions:
- Understanding CRS pathophysiology and utilizing biomarkers are key for improved patient outcomes.
- SGLT2 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic avenue for managing cardiorenal syndrome.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in CRS management.
Abstract:
Cardiorenal syndrome consists in the coexistence of acute or chronic dysfunction of heart and kidneys resulting in a cascade of feedback mechanisms and causing damage to both organs associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the last few years, different biomarkers have been investigated with the aim to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis of cardiorenal syndrome, to provide a prognostic role and to guide the development of targeted pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. In such a context, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, recommended as the first-line choice in the management of heart failure, might represent a promising strategy in the management of cardiorenal syndrome due to their efficacy in reducing both cardiac and renal outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndrome in adults, as well as the utility of biomarkers in cardiac and kidney dysfunction and potential insights into novel therapeutics.
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