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Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of IgM Fc Receptor (FcµR) Isoforms.

Hiromi Kubagawa1, Caren Clark2, Christopher M Skopnik1

  • 1Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 29, 2023
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Summary

The IgM Fc receptor (FcµR) is exclusively on lymphocytes, suggesting unique roles in immune responses. Studies reveal its function in B cell tolerance and define its interaction with IgM, with implications for autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
Ig-tail tyrosine (ITT) motifautoimmune diseaseschronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)single-cell RNA sequence (scRNAseq)soluble FcµR

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is a crucial early-response antibody.
  • The IgM Fc receptor (FcµR) is a recently identified lymphocyte-specific receptor.
  • FcµR's distinct expression pattern suggests unique functions compared to other Fc receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the cellular distribution and functions of FcµR.
  • To investigate FcµR's role in B cell tolerance.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of FcµR-IgM interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of FcµR-deficient mice models.
  • Substitutional experiments using IgG2 B cell receptors.
  • Crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopic analyses of FcµR-IgM complexes.

Main Results:

  • FcµR deficiency leads to impaired B cell tolerance and autoantibody production.
  • The signaling function of FcµR's cytoplasmic domain has been confirmed.
  • Structural analyses have defined key residues and modes of interaction between FcµR and IgM.
  • Elevated soluble FcµR levels correlate with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and autoimmune disorders.

Conclusions:

  • FcµR plays a critical role in regulating B cell tolerance.
  • Structural insights into FcµR-IgM binding advance understanding of immune signaling.
  • Soluble FcµR may serve as a biomarker for certain B cell malignancies and autoimmune conditions.