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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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Eosinophilic Esophagitis-What Do We Know So Far?

Jakub Wąsik1, Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko1

  • 1Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an immune condition causing esophageal inflammation and swallowing difficulties. New diagnostic and treatment strategies, including biologics, are emerging for this growing disease.

Keywords:
GI inflammationdiagnosisendoscopyeosinophilic esophagitisesophagustreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a Th-2 antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized by eosinophil infiltration.
  • Chronic inflammation leads to esophageal remodeling, causing dysphagia, heartburn, and chest pain in adults.
  • EoE incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing globally, particularly in Western nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on eosinophilic esophagitis.
  • To highlight recent advancements in diagnostics and management.
  • To present the latest research data on EoE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and diagnostic guidelines for EoE.
  • Analysis of established and emerging treatment modalities.
  • Discussion of new diagnostic and clinical assessment tools.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis requires ≥15 eosinophils/high-power field in esophageal biopsies with symptoms, excluding other causes of eosinophilia.
  • Current treatments include proton pump inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and elimination diets.
  • Emerging therapies involve biological treatments and novel diagnostic/assessment methods.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinophilic esophagitis management is complex but evolving with new therapeutic options.
  • Advancements in diagnostics and treatment offer improved patient care.
  • Continued research is vital for understanding and managing this prevalent esophageal condition.