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Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

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Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

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Presurgical Language Mapping: What Are We Testing?

Roelien Bastiaanse¹, Ann-Katrin Ohlerth²

¹University of Groningen, P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Personalized Medicine

|March 29, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details picture naming timelines for glioma patients undergoing awake surgery. It highlights the importance of testing verb retrieval alongside nouns for comprehensive presurgical language mapping using navigated Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS).

Keywords:

brain tumor navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS)nouns and verbs presurgical language mapping word production

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurosurgery
Cognitive Science

Background:

Gliomas infiltrate brain areas crucial for language functions, risking deficits like word retrieval issues post-surgery.
Awake surgery with intraoperative language testing is standard for glioma patients to preserve cognitive abilities.
Current testing often relies on simple tasks like picture naming (noun retrieval).

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the process and timeline of picture naming (noun retrieval) in glioma patients.
To determine the localization of distinct stages of noun retrieval.
To advocate for the inclusion of verb retrieval in presurgical language testing.

Main Methods:

Detailed analysis of the picture naming process and its temporal stages.
Localization of language functions using navigated Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS).
Case studies illustrating the relevance of including verb testing.

Main Results:

Established timelines and cortical localization for noun retrieval stages.
Demonstrated the utility of nTMS for presurgical language mapping in glioma patients.
Highlighted the necessity of assessing verb retrieval for complete language function evaluation.

Conclusions:

Picture naming provides valuable data for presurgical language mapping in glioma patients.
Navigated Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS) is a key technique for identifying critical language areas.
Integrating verb retrieval testing enhances the accuracy of presurgical planning and patient outcomes.