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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Functionally Significant Variants in Genes Associated with Abdominal Obesity: A Review.

Ahmad Bairqdar1, Dinara Ivanoshchuk1,2, Elena Shakhtshneider1,2

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Obesity is a global health issue influenced by genetics and environment. Gene variants affecting adipocyte function and metabolism are key factors in weight gain and visceral obesity.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity and its related diseases pose a significant global health challenge.
  • Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors are crucial in obesity development.
  • Altered adipocytokine gene structure and function contribute to weight gain susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gene variants linked to adipocyte function.
  • To examine gene variants associated with metabolic abnormalities.
  • To explore genetic factors in visceral obesity and related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic studies on obesity.
  • Analysis of gene variants impacting adipocyte biology.
  • Examination of genetic associations with metabolic aberrations.

Main Results:

  • Identified gene variants influence adipocyte function and contribute to obesity.
  • Specific gene variants are linked to metabolic disturbances.
  • Genetic factors play a role in visceral obesity and associated conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variations in adipocyte-related genes are implicated in obesity.
  • Metabolic aberrations linked to obesity have a genetic basis.
  • Understanding these genetic factors is vital for addressing obesity and its complications.