Three-Dimensional Plotted Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Defect Augmentation-A New Method for Regeneration

Sinus grafting remains a challenge in patients with significant bone loss. Traditional grafting methods often fail to match the planned implant site dimensions. Overfilling or underfilling can compromise implant stability. Prior research has shown that particulate bone grafts lack structural control. This gap motivated the development of more predictable techniques. Digital imaging allows for precise implant planning. No prior work had resolved the issue of graft shape consistency. This study introduces a novel approach using 3D-printed scaffolds. The goal is to improve graft predictability in atrophic maxillae.

The study aimed to evaluate 3D-printed calcium phosphate scaffolds for sinus grafting. A patient with severe maxillary atrophy was selected for this approach. The challenge was to restore bone volume while ensuring implant placement. The CBCT scan provided baseline bone measurements. Implant positions were planned in areas 16 and 26. The scaffold design was based on the sinus anatomy. This method allows for preoperative implant positioning. The study sought to confirm scaffold integration and bone regeneration.

Cone beam CT data were used to reconstruct the patient’s maxilla. Implant positions were determined using 3D software. Calcium phosphate cement paste was selected for scaffold printing. The scaffolds were designed to match the sinus floor contours. Printing ensured precise porosity and shape. Bilateral sinus augmentation was performed using the printed structures. The scaffolds were placed to support bone regeneration. Postoperative follow-up included clinical and radiographic assessments.

After nine months, the scaffolds showed successful integration. Vital bone with adequate blood supply was observed at re-entry. Implants were placed in both areas 16 and 26. Temporary dentures were provided after five months. The scaffolds maintained their shape during healing. No overfilling or underfilling occurred in the planned areas. The porosity allowed for bone ingrowth and vascularization. The method demonstrated predictable graft stability and volume.

The authors propose that 3D-printed calcium phosphate scaffolds offer a reliable solution. The method allows for precise graft shaping and implant planning. Integration of the scaffolds was confirmed clinically and radiographically. Bone regeneration was sufficient for implant placement. The porosity of the scaffolds supported tissue ingrowth. The technique avoids the limitations of particulate grafts. This approach may improve outcomes in atrophic maxillae. The study supports further clinical evaluation of this method.