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Severe Course of COVID-19 and Long-COVID-19 in Children: Difficulties in Diagnosis
Elena Vasichkina1, Olga Kofeynikova1, Svetlana Fetisova1
1Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia.
Insights
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after COVID-19 exposure presents new severe cases. High-risk children require close monitoring for months post-contact with infected individuals.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Viral pathogenesis
- Public health
Background:
- The clinical course of COVID-19 and long COVID in children is not fully understood.
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a severe post-COVID-19 condition, affects multiple organ systems.
- Evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants alter COVID-19 and long COVID manifestations in pediatric populations.
Abstract:
The question of COVID-19 and long-COVID-19 course in children remains unsolved. This infection in children, which is associated with COVID-19, can vary from asymptomatic to systemic damage of various systems. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, associated with SARS-CoV-2 (MIS-C), is a serious condition in children and adolescents after experiencing COVID-19. Published data on MIS-C have indicated that the inflammation can be registered in the gastrointestinal tract (60-100%), as well as in cardiovascular (80%), nervous (29-58%), and respiratory (21-65%) systems. However, with the changing characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the manifestations of COVID-19 and long-COVID-19 in children have also been changing. Currently, there is no clear understanding of the development of severe COVID-19 and MIS-C in children, especially after being exposed to patients with COVID-19. We presented two new clinical courses of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with severe multisystem damage after close contact to relatives with COVID-19 or long-COVID-19. Thus, high-risk children, who are positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection after contact with COVID-19 patients, should be clinically managed during the first few months. The identification of the disease complexity requires the involvement of neurologists, cardiologists, and other specialists.
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