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NMR-Based Metabolomics Demonstrates a Metabolic Change during Early Developmental Stages from Healthy Infants to
Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes1, Gabriela Pereira Fontes2, Aline Dos Santos Letieri2
1National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
Insights
Salivary metabolic profiles in children change with age and tooth eruption. Specific metabolites like alanine and lactate are higher before 30 months, while others like acetate and valine increase after 30 months.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Metabolomics
- Oral Biology
- Developmental Physiology
Background:
- Saliva composition changes during childhood.
- Understanding these changes is crucial for monitoring infant development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the salivary metabolic profile in healthy infants and young children.
- To correlate salivary metabolites with age, salivary gland maturation, and dentition.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of unstimulated saliva from 48 children using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
- Statistical analysis included Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and univariate analysis.
- Children were grouped based on clinical evaluation, focusing on age and dentition status.
Main Results:
- A distinct salivary metabolomic profile was observed, varying with age and developmental stage.
- Saliva profiles differed between children in the pre-eruption and post-eruption dentition phases.
- Significant metabolite changes were noted after 30 months of age, with distinct profiles observed before and after this milestone.
Conclusions:
- Salivary metabolic profiles are dynamic and influenced by chronological age and dental eruption.
- These findings provide a baseline for understanding physiological changes during infancy.
- Salivary metabolomics can serve as a non-invasive tool for monitoring child development.
Abstract:
The present study aims to identify the salivary metabolic profile of healthy infants and young children, and to correlate this with age, salivary gland maturation, and dentition. Forty-eight children were selected after clinical evaluation in which all intraoral structures were examined. Total unstimulated saliva was collected, and salivary metabolites were analyzed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) at 25 °C. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA), and univariate analysis were used, adopting a 95% confidence interval. The study showed a distinct salivary metabolomic profile related to age and developmental phase. The saliva of children in the pre-eruption teeth period showed a different metabolite profile than that of children after the eruption. However, more evident changes were observed in the saliva profile of children older than 30 months. Alanine, choline, ethanol, lactate, and sugar region were found in higher levels in the saliva of patients before 30 months old. Acetate, N-acetyl sugar, butyrate, caproate, creatinine, leucine, phenylalanine, propionate, valine, succinate, and valerate were found to be more abundant in the saliva of children after 30 months old. The saliva profile is a result of changes in age and dental eruption, and these findings can be useful for monitoring the physiological changes that occur in infancy.
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