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Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes: Origins and Physiological Activities
Seiichi Matsugo1,2, Yutaka Nakamura2
1Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima 260-1, Akiha, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
Abstract:
Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (Py-2-C) derivatives have been isolated from many natural sources, including fungi, plants (roots, leaves, and seeds), and microorganisms. The well-known diabetes molecular marker, pyrraline, which is produced after sequential reactions in vivo, has a Py-2-C skeleton. Py-2-Cs can be chemically produced by the strong acid-catalyzed condensation of glucose and amino acid derivatives in vitro. These observations indicate the importance of the Py-2-C skeleton in vivo and suggest that molecules containing this skeleton have various biological functions. In this review, we have summarized Py-2-C derivatives based on their origins. We also discuss the structural characteristics, natural sources, and physiological activities of isolated compounds containing the Py-2-C group.
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