Advances in Semiconductor-Based Nanocomposite Photo(electro)catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation technology is a promising ammonia synthesis technology using clean solar and electric energy as the driving energy. Abundant nitrogen and water as raw materials uphold the principle of green and sustainable development. However, the generally low efficiency of the nitrogen reduction reaction has seriously restricted the application and development of this technology. The paper introduces the nitrogen reduction process and discusses the main challenges and differences in the current photo(electro)catalytic nitrogen fixation systems. It focuses on promoting the adsorption and activation of N₂ and the resolution and diffusion of NH₃ generated. In recent years, reviews of the modification strategies of semiconductor materials in light of the typical cases of nitrogen fixation have been reported in the literature. Finally, the future development trend of this field is analyzed and prospected.