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Type 2 Diabetes: Also a "Clock Matter"?

Annamaria Docimo1, Ludovica Verde2, Luigi Barrea3

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Evening chronotype in type 2 diabetes patients is linked to worse glycemic control and more cardiovascular complications. This association persists regardless of BMI and disease duration, highlighting chronotype as a significant factor.

Keywords:
BMIHbA1cchronotypeglycemic controltype 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Investigating the relationship between chronotype and health outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Assessing the impact of chronotype on glycemic control, treatment, and complication risk in T2DM patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if chronotype is associated with glycemic control in T2DM.
  • To examine the link between chronotype and antidiabetic treatment regimens.
  • To evaluate the association between chronotype and the risk of developing diabetic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Online questionnaire administered via Google Forms to collect data from T2DM patients.
  • Parameters collected included BMI, FPG, HbA1c, diabetes history, antidiabetic treatments, diabetic complications, and chronotype categories.
  • Analysis of data from 106 T2DM subjects (age 63.3 ± 10.4 years, BMI 28.8 ± 4.9 kg/m²).

Main Results:

  • Evening chronotype (EC) subjects exhibited significantly higher HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels compared to morning chronotype (MC) subjects.
  • EC was associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications (CVC) and increased use of basal and rapid insulin.
  • An inverse association was observed between chronotype score and both HbA1c and FPG, independent of BMI, age, and disease duration.

Conclusions:

  • Evening chronotype is independently associated with poorer glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • A higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications is linked to evening chronotype in T2DM patients.
  • Chronotype should be considered a relevant factor in managing T2DM, irrespective of BMI and disease duration.