Computational Modeling on Drugs Effects for Left Ventricle in Cardiomyopathy Disease

Cardiomyopathy is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the ventricular myocardium and can be classified in two major groups: hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy. Computational modeling and drug design approaches can speed up the drug discovery and significantly reduce expenses aiming to improve the treatment of cardiomyopathy. In the SILICOFCM project, a multiscale platform is developed using coupled macro- and microsimulation through finite element (FE) modeling of fluid-structure interactions (FSI) and molecular drug interactions with the cardiac cells. FSI was used for modeling the left ventricle (LV) with a nonlinear material model of the heart wall. Simulations of the drugs' influence on the electro-mechanics LV coupling were separated in two scenarios, defined by the principal action of specific drugs. We examined the effects of Disopyramide and Dygoxin which modulate Ca²⁺ transients (first scenario), and Mavacamten and 2-deoxy adenosine triphosphate (dATP) which affect changes of kinetic parameters (second scenario). Changes of pressures, displacements, and velocity distributions, as well as pressure-volume (P-V) loops in the LV models of HCM and DCM patients were presented. Additionally, the results obtained from the SILICOFCM Risk Stratification Tool and PAK software for high-risk HCM patients closely followed the clinical observations. This approach can give much more information on risk prediction of cardiac disease to specific patients and better insight into estimated effects of drug therapy, leading to improved patient monitoring and treatment.