Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2025

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
Published on: December 3, 2020
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling to Predict Pharmacokinetics of Enavogliflozin, a Sodium-Dependent
Min-Soo Kim1, Yoo-Kyung Song2, Ji-Soo Choi3,4
1College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Enavogliflozin is a sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor approved for clinical use in South Korea. As SGLT2 inhibitors are a treatment option for patients with diabetes, enavogliflozin is expected to be prescribed in various populations. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling can rationally predict the concentration-time profiles under altered physiological conditions. In previous studies, one of the metabolites (M1) appeared to have a metabolic ratio between 0.20 and 0.25. In this study, PBPK models for enavogliflozin and M1 were developed using published clinical trial data. The PBPK model for enavogliflozin incorporated a non-linear urinary excretion in a mechanistically arranged kidney model and a non-linear formation of M1 in the liver. The PBPK model was evaluated, and the simulated pharmacokinetic characteristics were in a two-fold range from those of the observations. The pharmacokinetic parameters of enavogliflozin were predicted using the PBPK model under pathophysiological conditions. PBPK models for enavogliflozin and M1 were developed and validated, and they seemed useful for logical prediction.
Related Concept Videos
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.

