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Rheological Behavior and Printability Study of Tri-Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Inks for Direct Ink Writing Method.

Belgin Paul D L1, Ayyappan Susila Praveen1, Lenka Čepová2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct ink writing enables fabrication of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds. A stable 50 vol.% TCP: Pluronic ink demonstrated superior reliability and printability for bone structure applications.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingcompressive strengthdimensional errordirect ink writingrheologyscaffoldtricalcium phosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Ceramic Science

Background:

  • Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a key bioceramic for bone tissue engineering.
  • Conventional methods struggle with brittle ceramic scaffold fabrication.
  • Direct ink writing (DIW) offers a promising alternative for complex ceramic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rheology and extrudability of TCP inks for DIW.
  • To optimize printing parameters for producing near-net-shape TCP scaffolds.
  • To evaluate the physical and morphological properties of the printed green bodies.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation and testing of different TCP inks, including TCP: Pluronic and TCP: polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Rheological and extrudability assessments to determine ink stability.
  • Line studies to identify optimal printing parameters (speed, pressure, nozzle size, stand-off distance).
  • Characterization of the printed green body's physical and morphological attributes.

Main Results:

  • A 50 vol.% TCP: Pluronic ink exhibited superior stability and reliability compared to polyvinyl alcohol-based inks.
  • Optimal printing parameters identified as 5 mm/s printing speed, 3 bar extrusion pressure, 0.6 mm nozzle, and stand-off distance equal to nozzle diameter.
  • Successful printing of near-net-shape scaffolds with minimal dimensional error.
  • Initial characterization of the green body's physical and morphological structure was performed.

Conclusions:

  • Direct ink writing is a viable method for fabricating tricalcium phosphate scaffolds.
  • TCP: Pluronic ink at 50 vol.% is a suitable formulation for DIW of bone scaffolds.
  • Optimized printing parameters ensure dimensional accuracy and structural integrity of the green body prior to sintering.