Exploiting breath figure reversibility for in situ pattern modulation and hierarchical design

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Surface Science

Background:

• The breath figure (BF) method is a technique for patterning polymer films using condensation droplets.
• Traditional BF methods lack predictability due to simultaneous condensation and solidification.
• Empirical pattern derivation limits control over pore size, arrangement, and distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a temporally arrested BF methodology for independent control of condensation and polymerisation.
• To achieve predictable fabrication of diverse BF patterns with tunable characteristics.
• To investigate and exploit the reversibility of phase change for pattern regulation.

Main Methods:

• Implementing temporally arrested breath figure (BF) methodology.
• Independently controlling condensation and polymerisation processes.
• Utilizing external temperature control to modulate subcooling and superheating.
• Applying active photopolymerisation for in situ pattern arrest.

Main Results:

• Creation of diverse BF patterns with varied pore size, arrangement, and distribution.
• Demonstration of in situ regulation of droplet growth and shrinkage kinetics.
• Accessing predictable BF kinetics at intermediate stages for controlled pattern formation.
• Fabrication of porous surfaces with tunable characteristics under unchanged material and environmental conditions.

Conclusions:

• The temporally arrested BF method offers affordable and predictable routes for fabricating diverse porous surfaces.
• Independent control over phase change kinetics and polymer solidification facilitates advanced BF assembly.
• This approach enables the manufacture of monolithic hierarchical BF patterns.