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Setting an Agenda: Results of a Consensus Process on Research Directions in Distance Simulation
Isabel T Gross1, Timothy C Clapper, Geethanjali Ramachandra
1From the Department of Pediatrics (I.T.G., T.W.), Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Weill Cornell Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian Simulation Center (T.C.C.), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Pediatric Intensive Care (G.R.), Krishna Institute of Medical Science, Secunderabad, India; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (A.T.), Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Division of Neonatology (A.A.), Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (B.W.), Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Faculty of Medicine (F.K.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Emergency Medicine (R.E., D.K.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Division of Neonatology (M.W.), Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Emergency Medicine (T.W.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of Emergency Medicine (T.P.C.), Department of Medical Education, Children's Hospital Los Angeles & Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (J.P.D.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (E.S.D.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (R.M.L.), Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J.C.P.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (J.F.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; and Department of Pediatrics (A.W.C.), University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY.
Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic forced rapid implementation and refinement of distance simulation methodologies in which participants and/or facilitators are not physically colocated. A review of the distance simulation literature showed that heterogeneity in many areas (including nomenclature, methodology, and outcomes) limited the ability to identify best practice. In April 2020, the Healthcare Distance Simulation Collaboration was formed with the goal of addressing these issues. The aim of this study was to identify future research priorities in the field of distance simulation using data derived from this summit.
Methods:
This study analyzed textual data gathered during the consensus process conducted at the inaugural Healthcare Distance Simulation Summit to explore participant perceptions of the most pressing research questions regarding distance simulation. Participants discussed education and patient safety standards, simulation facilitators and barriers, and research priorities. Data were qualitatively analyzed using an explicitly constructivist thematic analysis approach, resulting in the creation of a theoretical framework.
Results:
Our sample included 302 participants who represented 29 countries. We identified 42 codes clustered within 4 themes concerning key areas in which further research into distance simulation is needed: (1) safety and acceptability, (2) educational/foundational considerations, (3) impact, and (4) areas of ongoing exploration. Within each theme, pertinent research questions were identified and categorized.
Conclusions:
Distance simulation presents several challenges and opportunities. Research around best practices, including educational foundation and psychological safety, are especially important as is the need to determine outcomes and long-term effects of this emerging field.
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