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Cytokine Storm Syndromes in Pediatric Patients

Caroline Diorio1, David T Teachey1, Scott W Canna2

  • 1Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|March 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) are severe immune overreactions. This study presents three rare pediatric cases, highlighting the diverse spectrum of these critical conditions in children.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) involve severe immune system overactivation.
  • CSS result from genetic factors, predisposing conditions, and triggers like infections.
  • Pediatric CSS often manifest as monogenic disorders, differing from adult presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the spectrum of cytokine storm syndromes (CSS) in pediatric patients.
  • To present three rare, representative cases of CSS in children.
  • To enhance understanding of CSS heterogeneity in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Case report series.
  • Clinical data review of pediatric patients diagnosed with CSS.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, genetic factors, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Presented three distinct rare cases of CSS in pediatric patients.
  • Demonstrated the varied clinical presentations and underlying causes of pediatric CSS.
  • Highlighted the importance of early recognition and management.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokine storm syndromes encompass a broad spectrum of illness in children.
  • Pediatric CSS, though rare individually, are significant causes of severe pediatric illness.
  • Understanding CSS diversity is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment in children.

Keywords:
COVID-19CytokinesMIS-CMacrophage activation syndromeSARS-CoV-2Thrombotic microangiopathy

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