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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Energy-Efficient LoRa Routing for Smart Grids.

Raja Kishore Repuri1, John Pradeep Darsy1

  • 1School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati 522237, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel energy-efficient routing protocol for smart grid Internet of Things (IoT) networks. The new method enhances network longevity by optimizing energy consumption and extending the number of active sensor nodes.

Keywords:
IoTLEACHWSNadvanced metring infrastructurecluster head selectionenergy efficiencylong range (LoRa)network lifetimeoptimisationsmart grid

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Area of Science:

  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Smart Grid (SG) Technology
  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

Background:

  • Energy efficiency is critical for the longevity of Internet of Things (IoT) networks, especially in Smart Grid (SG) applications utilizing Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI).
  • AMI sensor nodes in SGs consume limited energy for sensing, processing, and transmitting data, necessitating optimized routing protocols to maintain network operation.
  • Existing routing protocols may not sufficiently address the energy constraints of AMI sensor nodes in SG environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel energy-efficient routing criterion for IoT-based Smart Grid (SG) networks using LoRa nodes.
  • To enhance the energy consumption profile and network longevity of AMI sensor nodes.
  • To introduce improved algorithms for cluster head selection and optimal path determination.

Main Methods:

  • A modified LEACH protocol, termed cumulative low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (Cum_LEACH), was developed for cluster head selection based on cumulative node energy distribution.
  • The quadratic kernelised African-buffalo-optimisation-based LOADng (qAB_LOADng) algorithm was employed to establish multiple optimal paths for data transmission.
  • A modified MAX algorithm, named SMAx, was utilized to select the most efficient path from the generated optimal paths.

Main Results:

  • The proposed routing criterion demonstrated a superior energy consumption profile compared to standard protocols like LEACH, SEP, and DEEC.
  • An increased number of active nodes was observed after 5000 iterations with the novel routing criterion.
  • The Cum_LEACH and SMAx algorithms effectively improved energy efficiency in the SG network.

Conclusions:

  • The developed energy-efficient routing criterion offers significant improvements for IoT applications in Smart Grids.
  • The proposed Cum_LEACH and SMAx algorithms contribute to enhanced network longevity and performance in AMI networks.
  • This research provides a valuable approach for optimizing energy usage in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks for smart grid applications.