Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

Area of Science:

• Heritage Science
• Structural Health Monitoring
• 3D Digitalization

Background:

• Ancient Romanesque church in Cagliari, Italy, features three historical Doric columns.
• Assessing the conservation state of historical building materials is crucial for preservation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present an integrated non-destructive testing (NDT) approach for accurate 3D imaging and defect detection in ancient columns.
• To overcome limitations of individual NDT methods through synergistic application.

Main Methods:

• Macroscopic in situ analysis and laboratory tests (microscopy) for material characterization.
• Terrestrial laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry for high-resolution 3D digital models.
• 3D ultrasonic tomography integrated with 3D models for internal defect detection.

Main Results:

• Accurate, high-resolution 3D digital models of the columns and church were generated.
• Internal defects, voids, and flaws within the columns were successfully detected and characterized.
• The integrated approach provided a comprehensive assessment of the columns' conservation state.

Conclusions:

• The synergistic application of NDT methods enables precise 3D imaging and defect localization in historical structures.
• This multiparametric 3D approach is vital for planning effective restoration and monitoring the structural health of ancient artifacts.
• The methodology aids in understanding material deterioration processes for informed conservation strategies.