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Structure-Based Regulatory Role for the 5'UTR of RCNMV RNA2
Jennifer S H Im1, Jasmine R Sheppard1, K Andrew White1
1Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
Viruses
|March 30, 2023
Summary
Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) RNA2 translation is regulated by its 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). The 5'UTR switches between conformations to control translation and replication, ensuring efficient viral propagation.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- RNA Biology
Background:
- Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a segmented positive-strand RNA virus.
- Efficient translation of RCNMV RNA2 requires its de novo synthesis, implying replication is essential for translation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the regulatory mechanism of replication-associated translation of RCNMV RNA2.
- To analyze RNA elements within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of RNA2.
Main Methods:
- Structural analysis of the RNA2 5'UTR to identify potential conformations.
- Functional mutational analysis to assess the impact of structural changes on translation and stability.
Main Results:
- The RNA2 5'UTR can form two mutually exclusive conformations: a translation-promoting single-stranded 5'-end structure and a translation-suppressing, replication-promoting 5'-basal stem structure (5'BS).
- Ribosomal subunits initiate translation at the 5'-end of RNA2.
- The 5'BS conformation enhances RNA2 stability against exoribonuclease degradation.
Conclusions:
- Newly synthesized RNA2 transiently adopts a single-stranded conformation for efficient translation.
- RNA2 then refolds into the 5'BS conformation to suppress translation and promote replication.
- This conformational switch in the 5'UTR coordinates RNA2 translation and replication for effective viral propagation.
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