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Acute Bronchitis and Bronchiolitis Infection in Children with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis: A Retrospective Cohort

Fung-Chang Sung1,2,3, Chang-Ching Wei4, Chih-Hsin Muo2,5

  • 1Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan.

Viruses
|March 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Children with asthma face a higher risk of childhood acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis (CABs). Allergic rhinitis also increases CABs risk, though less than asthma. Incidence decreases with age.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis (CABs) are common respiratory infections.
  • Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are prevalent childhood conditions.
  • The association between asthma, AR, and CABs risk requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risk of CABs in children with asthma or AR.
  • To compare the incidence of CABs in children with and without these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Taiwan insurance claims data from 2000-2016.
  • Established matched cohorts of children (≤12 years) with and without asthma (N=192,126 each).
  • Established matched cohorts of children (≤12 years) with and without AR (N=1,062,903 each).

Main Results:

  • Asthma cohort showed the highest bronchitis incidence (525.1/1000 person-years), followed by AR (322.4/1000 person-years).
  • Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for bronchitis were 1.82 for asthma and 1.68 for AR.
  • Bronchiolitis incidence was highest in the asthma cohort (42.7/1000 person-years), with an aHR of 1.50; AR cohort had an aHR of 1.46.

Conclusions:

  • Children with asthma have a significantly higher risk of developing CABs.
  • Children with allergic rhinitis also face an elevated risk of CABs.
  • CABs incidence declines with age, with similar rates in boys and girls.

Keywords:
acute bronchitis and bronchiolitisallergic rhinitisasthmahuman respiratory syncytial virus

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