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Delayed hypersensitivity reaction to allopurinol: A case report
Che Man Mohammad1, Che Alhadi Shahidah2, Suriyani Wan Mahmud Wan Fatimah3
1MD (UKM), MMED (USM), Department of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Indera Mahkota Campus, Kuantan,Pahang, Malaysia.
Summary
Allopurinol is a common gout treatment, but can cause rare, severe skin reactions. Doctors should consider this delayed hypersensitivity in patients with gout and rashes on long-term allopurinol therapy.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Dermatology
- Clinical Pharmacology
Background:
- Allopurinol is a primary treatment for hyperuricemia and gout, valued for its cost-effectiveness in chronic management.
- Common side effects include skin rashes, diarrhea, and nausea.
- A severe, life-threatening complication is Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Observation:
- This case emphasizes a rare but critical delayed hypersensitivity reaction to allopurinol.
- The patient presented with skin rashes while on long-term allopurinol for gout management.
Findings:
- Delayed hypersensitivity to allopurinol, though uncommon, must be considered in gout patients developing skin rashes.
- Prompt recognition is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management.
Implications:
- Highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for allopurinol hypersensitivity in at-risk patients.
- Ensures correct diagnosis and avoids potentially harmful or unnecessary treatments for patients with gout and skin rashes.
- Underscores the importance of differential diagnosis in managing adverse drug reactions.
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