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COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy and low birth weight in community development blocks, Purba Bardhaman: A

Arindam De1, Puspendu Biswas2, Soumalya Ray3

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|March 30, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of low birth weight (LBW) in newborns. This community-based study in West Bengal highlights the importance of monitoring pregnant individuals with COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatal Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy is a growing concern for fetal development.
  • Limited community-based data exists on the impact of maternal COVID-19 on birth weight in West Bengal.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between maternal COVID-19 exposure and low birth weight (LBW) in offspring.
  • To investigate the risk of LBW among infants born to mothers with COVID-19 during pregnancy.
  • To provide community-based evidence from West Bengal.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of mothers and children born between February 2020 and October 2021 in Purba Barddhaman district, West Bengal.
  • Participants categorized into 'Pregnancy with COVID' and 'Pregnancy without COVID' groups.
  • Data collected via antenatal registers; association analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Incidence of LBW was 30.3% in the COVID pregnancy group versus 18.7% in the non-COVID group.
  • COVID-19 positivity during pregnancy showed a relative risk of 1.62 for LBW.
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed a significant association between maternal COVID-19 and LBW (AOR 2.18), adjusted for confounding factors.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 positivity during pregnancy is a significant risk factor for delivering a low birth weight baby.
  • Findings underscore the need for targeted prenatal care for pregnant individuals with COVID-19.
  • This study contributes vital local data on COVID-19's impact on pregnancy outcomes in West Bengal.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Indiainfantlow birth weightpregnancy outcomeretrospective studies

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