Hyperthermia and neurological catastrophe: An interesting case report

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Clinical Medicine
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Hyperthermia is a common clinical symptom, distinct from malignant hyperthermia and acquired causes.
• Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but serious condition associated with antipsychotic medications.

Observation:

• An elderly male presented with hyperthermia, accelerated hypertension, and brain hemorrhage.
• Clinical evaluation strongly suggested NMS as the underlying cause.
• The patient's symptoms developed despite potentially sub-therapeutic doses of neuropsychiatric drugs.

Findings:

• Treatment with dantrolene and bromocriptine, alongside drug discontinuation, resulted in a remarkable clinical response.
• Conservative management facilitated the patient's complete recovery.

Implications:

• This case underscores the critical importance of recognizing NMS, even with low-dose neuropsychiatric drug exposure.
• It highlights the potential for severe neurological complications from seemingly minor drug dosages.
• Early diagnosis and targeted treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in NMS.