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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Three-Dimensional Phase Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Delayed lung function testing after COVID-19 to detect persistent lung function abnormalities - The DELTA - COVID-19

Aparna S Nirmal1, Rajesh Venkitakrishnan1, Jolsana Augustine1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Rajagiri Hospital, Kerala, India.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
|March 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent lung function abnormalities are common after COVID-19 pneumonia, affecting nearly two-thirds of hospitalized patients. Advanced age, severe disease, and comorbidities increase the risk of these long-term respiratory issues.

Keywords:
Abnormal lung functionCOVID-19 pneumonialung fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant global morbidity and mortality.
  • Long-term consequences of COVID-19 extend beyond acute respiratory failure, impacting lung function in a subset of patients.
  • Previous studies report varying incidences of persistent lung function abnormalities post-COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the occurrence of persistent lung function abnormalities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients three months post-discharge.
  • To analyze the severity, pattern, and risk factors associated with these persistent abnormalities.
  • To investigate patients with previously normal lung function before COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pneumonia and prior normal lung function.
  • Lung function assessment using spirometry, 6-minute walk test, and diffusion capacity between 85-95 days post-discharge.
  • Univariate regression analysis to identify risk factors for persistent functional impairment.

Main Results:

  • 64% (26/39) of patients exhibited restrictive ventilatory defects; 43% (27/39) had diffusion impairment.
  • Mild diffusion impairment was noted in 16 patients, moderate in 11.
  • Risk factors for impairment included advanced age, hypertension, severe hypoxia, and extent of lung involvement on CT.

Conclusions:

  • Nearly two-thirds of hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients experience persistent lung function abnormalities at three months.
  • Advanced age, disease severity, and comorbidities are associated with increased risk.
  • These findings highlight the need for long-term respiratory monitoring post-COVID-19.