Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

10.1K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.1K
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

34.1K
DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
34.1K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

50.8K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
50.8K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

5.9K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.9K
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

58
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
58
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

3.6K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Suicide, Consequences, and First Principles.

The Linacre quarterly·2026
Same author

Fanconi Anemia as a Window into Premalignant Field Cancerization of the Oral Mucosa.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

The EF-hand domain of MINDY3 is a ubiquitin and RAD23 UBL-binding domain.

EMBO reports·2026
Same author

In Reference to: The Role of the Physician in Caring for Patients Pursuing VSED: Challenging the Conventional Approach.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same author

Pulsatile flow dynamics maintain pulmonary artery architecture.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Synovial transcriptional clusters link cartilage degeneration to cell-type-specific gene expression in knee osteoarthritis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

13.7K

RTF2 controls replication repriming and ribonucleotide excision at the replisome.

Brooke A Conti1, Penelope D Ruiz1, Cayla Broton1

  • 1Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, The Rockefeller University.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Replication Termination Factor 2 (RTF2) regulates RNase H2 to control DNA replication fork speed and restart. RTF2 and RNase H2 ensure proper ribonucleotide incorporation during replication and stress responses.

More Related Videos

Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis
09:04

Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis

Published on: July 26, 2018

7.8K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

13.7K
Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis
09:04

Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis

Published on: July 26, 2018

7.8K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication is essential for genetic information transmission.
  • Replication forks face challenges like lesions, requiring repair and bypass mechanisms.
  • Proteasome shuttle proteins DNA Damage Inducible 1 and 2 (DDI1/2) regulate RTF2 at stalled replisomes.

Conclusions:

  • RTF2 plays a key role in regulating ribonucleotide incorporation during replication and stress.
  • Proper regulation of RTF2 and RNase H2 is vital for efficient replication restart.
  • PRIM1 is implicated in direct replication restart following stress.