Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

1.6K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
1.6K
Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

2.2K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
2.2K
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

1.7K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
1.7K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

3.0K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
3.0K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

6.3K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.3K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

1.1K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparison of frequency-resolved optical polarization gating induced by molecular alignment and Kerr effects.

Optics letters·2012
Same author

Direct transformation of simple enals to 3,4-disubstituted benzaldehydes under mild reaction conditions via an organocatalytic regio- and chemoselective dimerization cascade.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2012
Same author

[Digital anatomy of the perforator flap in the thigh].

Zhonghua zheng xing wai ke za zhi = Zhonghua zhengxing waike zazhi = Chinese journal of plastic surgery·2012
Same author

[Value of methylation-specific mutiplex ligation-dependent probe in the diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome].

Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics·2012
Same author

Elevated local TGF-β1 level predisposes a closed bone fracture to tuberculosis infection.

Medical hypotheses·2012
Same author

Modulation of P-glycoprotein expression by triptolide in adriamycin-resistant K562/A02 cells.

Oncology letters·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
07:52

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

3.4K

Multiple dynamic interactions from basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways mediate action selection.

Hao Li1, Xin Jin1,2,3,4

  • 1Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The basal ganglia

More Related Videos

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.3K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 5, 2025

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
07:52

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

3.4K
New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.3K
An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
07:42

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents

Published on: August 2, 2018

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The basal ganglia's role in action selection is crucial but not fully understood.
  • The specific functions of the direct and indirect pathways within the basal ganglia remain debated.

Approach:

  • Utilized cell-type-specific neuronal recording and manipulation in mice performing a choice task.
  • Developed a novel
  • Triple-control
  • functional model for basal ganglia action selection.

Key Points:

  • The direct pathway linearly regulates behavioral choice.
  • The indirect pathway exhibits nonlinear, inverted-U-shaped control over action selection.
  • The "Triple-control" model explains observations beyond traditional "Go/No-go" and "Co-activation" models.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic interactions between direct and indirect pathways are key to action selection.
  • The proposed model offers a new framework for understanding basal ganglia function.
  • Findings impact understanding of basal ganglia circuitry in health and disease.