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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes
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A Novel Transcription Factor Combination for Direct Reprogramming to a Spontaneously Contracting Human

Marisol Romero-Tejeda, Hananeh Fonoudi, Carly J Weddle

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |March 30, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers successfully reprogrammed human fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells using a novel transcription factor combination (MYOCD, SMAD6, TBX20). This breakthrough advances direct cardiac reprogramming for potential regenerative medicine applications.

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    Assessing Cardiomyocyte Subtypes Following Transcription Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
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    Assessing Cardiomyocyte Subtypes Following Transcription Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Biology
    • Stem Cell Biology
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Direct reprogramming of somatic cells to cardiomyocyte-like cells has been successful in mice but limited in humans.
    • This limitation hinders clinical applications in regenerative medicine.
    • Differences in transcription factor requirements between species are hypothesized to be a key factor.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct cardiac reprogramming in human cells can now achieve levels comparable to mouse fibroblasts.
    • The MST combination represents a significant advancement for clinical translation of cardiac reprogramming.
    • This study paves the way for new regenerative medicine strategies for heart disease.