Voltage-dependent volume regulation controls epithelial cell extrusion and morphology
Saranne J Mitchell1,2, Carlos Pardo-Pastor2, Thomas A Zangle3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 30, 2023
Summary
Crowded epithelial cells shrink before extrusion, a process regulated by specific ion channels like ENaC. This cell shrinkage and extrusion mechanism maintains tissue barrier integrity by eliminating compromised cells.
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Epithelial tissue dynamics
- Mechanotransduction
Background:
- Epithelial cells form a protective barrier through coordinated cell death and division.
- Tissue homeostasis requires balancing cell division and death; imbalances can lead to barrier loss or tumor formation.
- Mechanical forces, including stretch and crowding, influence cell division and death via channels like Piezo1, but the selection mechanism for extrusion remained unclear.
Conclusions:
- Crowding triggers cell extrusion through a process involving cell shrinkage, regulated by ENaC, Kv channels, and SWELL1.
- Cell membrane potential plays a critical role in selecting cells for extrusion, with depolarization indicating a higher likelihood of elimination.
- Proper regulation of cell volume and membrane potential is essential for maintaining epithelial integrity and preventing tissue defects.
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